A 70-billion-parameter LLM stored in 16-bit floats needs roughly 140 GB of memory, more than most GPUs can hold. Quantization shrinks the model by replacing those 16-bit floats with much smaller integers (4-bit, for example), cutting memory by $4\times$. The simplest approach is linear quantization, which spaces the quantized values evenly across the weight range, like the marki...
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