Multisig, short for “multisignature,” is a cryptographic mechanism that requires multiple signatures to authorize and execute a transaction. What is Multisig Multisig ensures that multiple parties must collaborate and approve a transaction before it can be deemed valid. It provides an additional layer of security requiring multiple parties’ signatures to spend or transfer the crypto […]

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Distributed systems, such as peer-to-peer networks, [yadawiki link=”blockchain” show=””], and other decentralized platforms, have become increasingly popular due to their potential to offer more robust, scalable, and secure solutions. However, these systems face unique challenges and vulnerabilities, one of which is the Sybil attack. Named after the psychiatric case study “Sybil,” in which a person […]

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Distributed systems are becoming increasingly important in various applications, such as cloud computing, [yadawiki link=”blockchain” show=””], and peer-to-peer networks. One of the challenges in designing robust distributed systems is dealing with Byzantine faults, a type of fault that can be particularly difficult to detect and handle. Byzantine faults, named after the Byzantine Generals’ Problem, involve […]

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WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) is an extension of the HTTP/1.1 protocol, which enables users to create, modify, and delete files on remote web servers. This protocol provides a standardized way for users to collaboratively edit and manage files on the web, much like a remote file system. WebDAV Features WebDAV introduces several features […]

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Consensus algorithms play a crucial role in the functioning of decentralized networks, such as blockchain-based systems. They help maintain the integrity, security, and reliability of these networks by ensuring that all participants agree on the state of the system. In this post, we will explore the concept of consensus algorithms, their importance, and some of […]

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Double-spending is a critical issue that any digital currency must address to ensure its viability and security. In this post, we’ll explore the concept of double-spending, the problems it poses, and how blockchain technology overcomes these challenges. What is Double-Spending? Double-spending occurs when a user spends the same digital currency unit more than once. In […]

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One of the most significant threats to public [yadawiki link=”blockchain” show=””] networks is a 51% attack, where a single entity gains control over the majority of the network’s mining power. In this blog post, we will discuss the concept of a 51% attack, its potential consequences, and measures to prevent it. What is a 51% […]

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Blockchain technology is based on the idea of decentralization, transparency, and security. One of the key challenges in blockchain technology is reaching consensus on the state of the ledger. Consensus mechanisms ensure that all nodes in the network agree on the current state of the blockchain. Proof of Work (PoW) is a consensus mechanism that […]

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Blockchain technology is based on the idea of decentralization, transparency, and security. One of the key challenges in blockchain technology is reaching consensus on the state of the ledger. Consensus mechanisms ensure that all nodes in the network agree on the current state of the blockchain. Proof of Stake (PoS) is a consensus mechanism that […]

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Uniswap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) that was launched in 2018. It is built on the [yadawiki link=”Ethereum” show=””] blockchain using [yadawiki link=”smart contracts” show=””], which automate the process of exchanging [yadawiki link=cryptocurrencies”” show=””]. Uniswap is a fully decentralized platform, which means that it is not controlled by any central authority or organization. The key […]

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Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain platform that enables developers to build and deploy [yadawiki link=”decentralized applications” show=””] ([yadawiki link=”dApps” show=””]) on the blockchain. Ethereum was created in 2014 by Vitalik Buterin and has since become one of the most popular blockchain platforms in the world. In this article, we’ll provide a development history of Ethereum, […]

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CalDAV and CardDAV are application layer computer network protocols that enable users to synchronize and manage their calendar (CalDAV) and contact (CardDAV) data across multiple devices and platforms. These open standards protocols leverage the [yadawiki link=”WebDAV” show=””] (World Wide Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) protocol, which provides a framework for users to create, change, and […]

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Decentralization is a concept about control and management. It refers to that the control and decision-making in a distributed network are transferred away from a centralized entity (individual, organization, or group thereof). The resources in a decentralized network are owned and shared by network members. This concept is particularly significant in the world of blockchain […]

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Cryptographic tokens, or crypto tokens, are tradable digital units of assets that reside on blockchains. These tokens have become increasingly popular in recent years due to the rise of cryptocurrencies and the growing interest in non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Both fungible and non-fungible tokens play a significant role in the world of blockchain technology and digital […]

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What is NFT? Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a kind of that is non-interchangeable (non-fungible). As a cryptographic token, NFT is a kind of digital asset. The NFT tokens are usually running on . What distinguishes NFTs from fungible , such as , is the property of non-interchangeability (non-fungibility). One BTC is the same as another […]

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A cryptographic hash function is a hash function that satisfies the properties of pre-image resistance, second pre-image resistance and collision resistance. Here, a hash function is a mathematical algorithm that maps data of an arbitrary size (or “message”) to a bit array of a fixed size (the “hash value”, “hash”, or “message digest”), that is, […]

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A cryptocurrency (or for short) is a digital currency secured by cryptography, typically relying on for secure and transparent transactions. Blockchains play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and immutability of transactional data for cryptocurrencies, making them a reliable and efficient medium of exchange. Decentralized blockchain networks form the backbone of many cryptocurrencies, ensuring […]

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Bitcoin is the world's first  and network without requiring a trusted third party for electronic peer-to-peer BTC transactions. is the on the Bitcoin blockchain network. BTC has gained significant popularity since its inception in 2009. It functions as a decentralized, peer-to-peer electronic cash system, allowing users to make transactions without the need for a central […]

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What is blockchain? Blockchain is a specific type of database with special data organization and properties. Blockchains store data in blocks that are then **** together in the chronological order one by one, with the block chained onto the previous block. Data commonly stored in blockchains are transactions for . The transactions are chained together […]

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C++ std::any is a type-safe container for single values of any type. It is useful to put multiple types into a single container such as std::vector which requires all elements stored have the same “type”. It is a part of the C++17 standard library. This blog post will take a close look at a certain […]

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