A transient ischemic attack, or TIA, is often called a “mini-stroke.” TIA is a condition caused by disrupted blood supply to the brain, which results in temporary neurological symptoms without causing the death of brain tissue. In this video, I cover the pathophysiology, symptoms, and treatment of TIAs. To watch the video, click the "continue reading" link below.

Leptin and ghrelin are two hormones that exert opposing influences in the regulation of appetite and energy balance. In this video, I discuss the roles of leptin and ghrelin in appetite and their potential involvement in obesity. To watch the video, click the "continue reading" link below.

In this video, I discuss the anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia—a group of structures that play a key role in movement as well as a variety of non-motor functions. I cover the direct and indirect pathways, additional circuitry involved in non-motor functions, and several basal ganglia disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, obsessive-compulsive d...

Color blindness is a condition in which a person has difficulty seeing or distinguishing certain colors. In this video, I explain the biological mechanisms underlying color blindness and how it is inherited. To watch the video, click the "continue reading" link below.

Beta blockers are a class of medications originally developed to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. In recent years, they have become an increasingly popular option to treat situational or performance anxiety. In this video, I discuss the pharmacological mechanism of beta blockers and how they are thought to relieve the symptoms of performance anxiety experi...