In late 2001, as the nation reeled from the 9/11 terrorist attacks, more than 80% of Americans supported U.S. military action in Afghanistan.

In early 2003, just after President George W. Bush sent forces storming into Iraq to oust Saddam Hussein, more than 70% of Americans backed the U.S. military invasion.

This week, after President Donald Trump attacked Iran, one of the first polls showed public support for his war sitting at just 27 percent. That is a level on par with disapproval of the Vietnam War as it ended in 1973 — after 58,000 American troops had died over an eight-year period.

Trump, who has made mocking American military misadventures a regular feature of his stump speeches since he first ran in 2016, is now facing the unusual challenge of selling Americans on a war after he started it. The president’s shifting justifications, explanations and timelines in recent days show he’s developing the narrative as he goes along.

And his own statements in the past decade highlight the risks — for international security, the economy and his party’s own standing.

‘What the hell is going on?’: Trump admin unable to explain attack on Iran March 5, 2026 / 10:59

‘Chaos’ in the Mideast

While campaigning in April 2016, Trump said the U.S. made mistakes in Iraq, Egypt, Libya and Syria that reverberated through the Middle East.

“Each of these actions have helped to throw the region into chaos and gave ISIS the space it needs to grow and prosper,” Trump said at the time. “We tore up what institutions they had and then were surprised at what we unleashed. Civil war, religious fanaticism, thousands of Americans and just killed lives, lives, lives wasted. Horribly wasted.”

A decade later, Trump will have to persuade Americans that he’s not unleashing more chaos throughout the region. The president and his top aides have cited a wide range of goals in recent days — regime change, preventing nuclear weapons, destroying Iranian missiles and more — without a clear timetable or markers for success, or a picture of what they expect to emerge out of the rubble once the U.S. and Israeli air campaign ends.

So far, the Pentagon has announced six U.S. service members have died as a result of the new war with Iran. Trump and his team warn of more in the coming weeks.

One lesson of the early 2000s war in Iraq is that soldiers can face attacks for years after the first rounds of fighting. In the years after the infamous “Mission Accomplished” banner was unfurled six weeks into that war, more than 4,000 U.S. troops were killed and tens of thousands were wounded. Even without troops on the ground in Iran, forces in the region may face heightened threats.

Richard Haass: The U.S. will have to think about its definition of success in Iran March 5, 2026 / 15:12

‘We could have rebuilt our country’

“America has spent approximately $6 trillion in the Middle East, all this while our infrastructure at home is crumbling,” Trump said in 2017 during his first address to a joint session of Congress. “With this $6 trillion we could have rebuilt our country — twice. And maybe even three times if we had people who had the ability to negotiate.”

Today, economic and foreign policy concerns are among the areas in which the president’s own approval ratings are most underwater. Those two buckets of concerns could collide directly during the new war. Rising gasoline prices from disruptions to oil flows will only exacerbate Americans’ sour mood about affordability. It can fuel lasting inflation troubles — as the Biden administration learned following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine four...

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