The Kazakh horse is the traditional native horse of Kazakhstan and closely related regional types used in pastoral systems across Central Asia. [1][2] For generations, these horses supported travel, herding, and dail...

Tooth root abscesses, or apical infections, are a painful and relatively common dental condition in horses that often develop gradually before more obvious signs appear.

Because equine teeth are long and closely connected to surrounding structures like the sinuses, infection at the tooth root can lead to a range of clinical signs, incl...

Aspiration pneumonia in horses is a potentially serious lung condition that occurs when feed, water, saliva, or medication is inhaled into the airways instead of being swallowed into the esophagus.

Rather than developing as a standalone condition, aspiration pneumonia most often arises as a complication of another issue, such as choke, swallowing dysfu...

Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is an inherited vision disorder that affects a horse’s ability to see in low-light conditions. Horses with this condition typically have normal vision during the day but may struggle to navigate safely at dusk, in dim barns, or at night.

CSNB is most commonly seen in Appaloosas and other bre...

Gotland ponies, sometimes called Gotland Horses, are a hardy, versatile breed native to the island of Gotland in Sweden, where they have lived for centuries in a semi-feral state.

Known locally as the Gotlandsruss, these ponies are one of the few remaining primitive equine types in Europe, shaped by natural selection i...