Indian Defence Review

Seismic signals created by underground nuclear explosions have revealed that Earth’s outer core contains changing structures that move over time, according to a new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. The findings suggest that the region surrounding Earth’s inner core is not a simple, uniform ocean of...

Ten papyrus fragments found inside the back cover of an early medieval manuscript at Barcelona Cathedral have drawn renewed attention because six of them remain undeciphered. The pieces were recovered from the binding of Codex 120, a manuscript generally known as the Homilies of Saint Gregory and dated to the seventh or eighth century.

The fragments...

The discovery offered archaeologists an unusually preserved record of trade between Europe, Africa, and Asia during the 16th century. It also provided scientists with more than 100 elephant tusks, creating what researchers describe as the largest archaeological assemblage of African elephant ivory yet recovered and allowing them to investigate where the anima...

A newly identified marine reptile that lived around 245 million years ago has been described from a nearly complete fossil skeleton discovered in China. Named Spatulidentatus breviceps, the Triassic animal had spoon-shaped teeth and an exceptionally short skull, adding a new example of the diversity found among early...

The findings also offer researchers an unusual model for studying how eye tissue can remain functional over very long periods. According to the study published in Nature Communications , Greenland sharks examined at more than a century old showed no obvious signs of retinal degeneration, while their eyes retained structures and proteins suited to vision in ex...