California Management Review

Corporate security has spent three decades answering one question: who can get inside our systems? Firewalls, identity management, access controls, penetration testing, and certification schemes are all part of the answer, and most large organizations now address it reasonably well. A second question has become more consequential, and almost nobody owns it. What can somebody ...

Train employees, drive adoption, watch productivity rise. It’s the logic most organizations have built their AI strategies around. But new data tell a more complicated story. Training drives adoption. But adoption alone does not deliver productivity. There is a gap in the middle, and most leaders are not closing it.

Last year, our Bridging the Generational AI Gap<...

On July 27, 2026, Apple reclaimed the title of the world’s most valuable company. Its market capitalization touched $4.94 trillion. NVIDIA’s stood at $4.83 trillion. Just ten months earlier, NVIDIA had become the first company in history to reach $5 trillion. The two firms have been trading the crown since mid-2024, each briefly overtaking the other, then falling back. The fi...

Imagine you type “a strange, alien-like space where gravity is half of Earth’s,” and you can see this world come to life around you in real-time. You can enter this world and run through steep floating hills, chasing creatures out of floating rocks. You type “spawn a gravity-bound protector” to create a floating knight guardian that will fight those creatures. In this world y...

Conventional management and economic theory has long rested on a clear division of labor between business and politics. Firms are expected to create economic value, while governments provide political order, regulation, and public goods.2

Yet, when the institutional foundations on which market economies depend are themselves under threat, claims of political neutralit...