California Management Review

Picture the morning routine of a typical consumer in 2026. She wakes up, opens Instagram, and an algorithm built on hundreds of millions of behavioral data points has already decided what she will see first. She asks a voice assistant for news, and a recommendation engine curated overnight fills the response. She searches for running shoes, and a dynamic pricing model adjusts...

Organizations increasingly share critical infrastructure while simultaneously competing for customers and resources. This mandatory interdependence, infrastructure coopetition, differs fundamentally from voluntary partnerships, creating unique management challenges. Through analysis of shared infrastructure dynamics across telecommunications, airlines, cloud platforms, rail...

Over the past year, the tech industry has become obsessed with AI agents.1 Technology companies and startups alike are racing to build autonomous, proactive systems that write code, book travel, and orchestrate complex workflows. Investors are pouring capital into what many are calling the next major evolution of artificial in...