FEMS

Just like all other organisms, plants are not alone in responding to changes in their environment. Complex microbial communities inhabit the rhizosphere, the area of soil surrounding plant roots. Here, soil microbes interact with each other and with the plant, contributing to the plant’s dynamic adaptat...

From food additives to biodegradable plastics, organic acids are everywhere in modern life. One of them, L-malic acid, is widely used in the food and beverage industry, giving products a characteristic tart taste. Despite its growing industrial relevance, most malic acid is still produced either from fo...

Bacteria can move efficiently thanks to one of nature’s most sophisticated molecular machines: the flagellum. This rotary motor propels them through oceans, soils, and even our bodies. For decades, our understanding of bacterial flagella has largely come from model organisms such as Escherichia coli<...