The way CMHC typically tracks and categorizes housing types is as follows: single, semi-detached, traditional row, and then everything else. This "everything else" bucket is called "apartment," and it includes high-rise apartments, mid-rise apartments, low-rise apartments, duplexes, triplexes, multiplexes, and anything else that doesn't fit into one of the other categories.

This taxonomy reflects our bias toward single-family, grade-related housing because if you look at the distribution for a city like Toronto, it doesn't really make sense to do it in this way. For example, if we were to look at housing starts in Toronto proper for 2025, the distribution looks like this:

Single: 5.2%
Semi-Detached: 0.4%
Row: 2.5%
Apartment: 92%

If we were to look at the entire Toronto CMA, the distribution updates to the following:

Single: 12%
Semi-Detached: 0.5%
Row: 14.2%
Apartment: 72.8%

Do we really need a separate category for semi-detached houses? And would it not make sense to get a bit more granular with the apartment category given that it's basically what we're building these days? Obviously, markets vary, but in the case of Toronto, we have flipped to an apartment city.

Now, if you were to look at an aerial view of the Toronto CMA, you would see the opposite. You would see concentrations of towers surrounded by seas of low-rise housing, and you would be forgiven for thinking differently about the city. But this is a lagging indicator. The leading indicator is housing starts, and it's pretty clear what that is saying.

These are important stats to think about because they help illustrate the housing problem that needs to be solved. Last year, Toronto saw a net domestic out-migration of 77,500 people. One possible explanation is that some of these people left for more affordable, single-family housing. For the sake of argument, let's assume that's the case.

A portion of this segment may only be interested in single-family housing, and if that is the case, Toronto will never again create the housing they want at scale. But I would wager that there's another meaningful segment that would have stayed in Toronto if only they could have found housing that met their needs. And that is the opportunity that exists today for city builders.

We know that apartments are the future of Toronto, but we also know that they can take many forms, from 100-storey towers to small "missing middle" projects that are still grade-related. The housing solutions we seek are necessarily going to lie within the black box we today call "apartments."

Cover photo by Venrick Azcueta

Brandon Donnelly

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