Ars Technica - Cars Technica

Toyota wants to win Le Mans with its new GR010 hybrid prototype

Mon, 18 Jan 2021 16:50:33 GMT

After winning the last couple of Le Mans races with its TS050, Toyota Gazoo Racing returns in 2021 with an all-new car for an all-new category. It's called the GR010, and it will compete in the Le Mans Hypercar class. [credit: Toyota ]

The future of the 24 Hours of Le Mans is resolving into shape. On Friday, Toyota Gazoo Racing unveiled its new GR010 Hybrid, an all-wheel drive prototype that will compete in the overall win at the annual French race later this year (pandemic willing). It's the first competitor to break cover from the new Le Mans Hypercar (LMH) class, which replaces the old LMP1h category that shone so brightly for a few short years in the middle of the last decade.

LMP1h gave rise to some of the fastest and most technologically advanced racing cars the world has ever seen. But it wasn't cheap, and by 2018 Toyota was all that was left, its cars hobbled by ACO (the race organizers) to give the non-hybrid LMP1 privateer teams a fighting chance.

Car manufacturer interest in racing series waxes and wanes, and it doesn't require much imagination to see how a combination of global economic uncertainty and an expensive ruleset could negatively impact participation. The ACO's answer was a new category called the hypercar, which would open the doors to racing versions of those seven-figure slices of unobtainium-on-wheels like the Adrian Newey-designed Aston Martin Valkyrie—albeit running at much lower power levels than the unrestricted road cars.

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Trump team modernizes car safety regulations for the driverless era

Fri, 15 Jan 2021 19:29:03 GMT

Enlarge / Nuro makes small electric vehicles for hauling cargo. They are designed to be street-legal but have no room for passengers. (credit: Nuro)

Until this week, the federal government's car safety regulations were based on two assumptions that probably seemed self-evident when they were written: that every car will have people inside, and that one of those people will be the driver. To protect the safety of the driver and possible passengers, the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) requires that every car have seatbelts and airbags. It also sets minimum standards for everything from windshield strength to crash test performance.

In the coming years, these assumptions will be increasingly out of date. So on Thursday, as the Trump administration is coming to a close, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) published a new version of the FMVSS that recognizes that some cars don't have drivers—and some vehicles don't have anyone inside at all.

One of the biggest beneficiaries of these new rules will be Nuro, a startup that is building delivery robots designed to operate on streets rather than sidewalks. In a statement to Ars, Nuro hailed the rules as a "significant advancement that will help Nuro commercialize our self-driving delivery vehicles."

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A big wing and no back seats: The 2021 Mini John Cooper Works GP

Fri, 15 Jan 2021 18:15:09 GMT

This is the $44,900 Mini John Cooper Works GP, a stripped-out, lowered, 301hp hot hatch. [credit: Jonathan Gitlin ]

To some people, John Cooper is best known for the racing cars bearing his name that showed F1 and Indianapolis that the engine should go behind the driver. He taught that lesson back in 1960, and 61 years later it remains as true as ever. But more will associate his name with little front-wheel drive Minis, which he tuned in addition to building successful single-seaters.

The Mini Cooper was a budget bijou performance car, a good 16 years before VW thought up the Golf GTI, beloved by rally drivers and celluloid bank robbers alike. These days, there's an entire John Cooper Works lineup at Mini, with hot versions of the various vehicles that now make up the Mini range. And this is the hottest of them all, the $44,900 2021 Mini John Cooper Works GP.

Limited to just 3,000 cars, the JCW GP is the most extreme Mini you can buy that isn't a Dakar off-road racer. Its track has been widened, pushing the wheels farther apart from each other—hence the naked carbon fiber-reinforced plastic wing arch extensions with vents that you could lose a finger inside.

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Toyota fined $180 million for 10 years of noncompliance with EPA regs

Fri, 15 Jan 2021 14:55:14 GMT

(credit: Toyota)

On Thursday, Toyota reached a settlement with the US government over a decade of noncompliance with Clean Air Act reporting regulations. Under the law, defects or recalls that affect vehicle emissions equipment have to be reported to the Environmental Protection Agency.

But, says EPA assistant administrator Susan Bodine, "[f]or a decade Toyota failed to report mandatory information about potential defects in their cars to the EPA, keeping the agency in the dark and evading oversight. EPA considers this failure to be a serious violation of the Clean Air Act."

Manufacturers are supposed submit emissions defect information reports if they know of an emissions defect that affects at least 25 or more vehicles (or engines) of a particular model in a given model year. They also have to submit voluntary emissions recall reports when beginning a recall to fix an emissions problem, as well as quarterly reports on the progress of the recall.

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The rise and fall (and rise again) of retro car design

Fri, 15 Jan 2021 12:15:57 GMT

Enlarge / Director Maurice Dwyer leads the cast and crew in his production of Cop Block, which prominently featured the Chrysler PT Cruiser, at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. (credit: George Pimentel/WireImage/Getty Images)

Odds are you probably never liked the Chrysler PT Cruiser, a retro-style five-door hatchback sold from 2001 through 2010. In fact, you might even hate it. Most people do. Just ask Tom Gale, Chrysler Corporation’s former vice-president of design.

"The PT Cruiser gets hammered by a lot of people,” Gale said. “But it really hit a spot. You know, we sold 1.3 million of those things.”

Today, it’s easy to forget how outrageously popular this compact car was when it was launched. Credit the PT Cruiser’s success to its retro look, which was a relatively new automotive design trend that was growing in popularity at the time. The PT Cruiser would ultimately be but one of many retro-style vehicles created by automakers. Others include the 1989 Nissan S-Cargo, 1991 Nissan Figaro, 1992 Dodge Viper, 1993 BMW Z8, 1994 Dodge Ram, 1994 Ford Mustang, 1997 Jaguar XK-8, 1998 Plymouth Prowler, 1999 Jaguar S-Type, 1999 Volkswagen New Beetle, 2001 Mini Cooper, 2002 Ford Thunderbird, 2002 Jaguar X-Type, 2004 Chevrolet SSR, 2004 Chrysler Crossfire, 2004 Ford GT, 2004 Jaguar XJ-8, 2006 Chevrolet HHR, 2008 Dodge Challenger, 2009 Chevrolet Camaro, 2011 Fiat 500, 2017 Fiat 124 Spider, and, most recently, the forthcoming 2022 Ford Bronco.

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Despite COVID-19 lockdowns, American roads are getting much deadlier

Thu, 14 Jan 2021 15:51:35 GMT

Enlarge / The three months between July and September 2020 saw a massive rise in road deaths in the United States. (credit: Getty Images)

American roads became significantly deadlier in 2020, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Although figures for the entire year won't be available for some time, the NHTSA has calculated the death toll on our roads for the first nine months of 2020, and the news is grim. Between the beginning of January and the end of September last year, 28,190 people were killed in crashes, which is an increase of 4.6 percent—or 1,249 more deaths—over the same nine months in 2019. (The full statistics for 2020 won't be available until later this year.)

What makes this increase even worse news is the fact that 2019 actually saw a decrease in road deaths, which declined by two percent compared to 2018. In fact, when the NHTSA released the 2019 statistics in late December of last year, it included a preliminary analysis of the first half of 2020 and found that during those six months, the traffic volume decreased by 16 percent, and road deaths declined by 3.3 percent over the same time period.

(As the decrease in vehicle miles traveled was greater than the decrease in deaths, the fatality rate per 100 million vehicle miles traveled actually increased from 1.06 to 1.25 when comparing 1H 2019 and 1H 2020.)

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Tesla’s touchscreen trouble: NHTSA asks for recall of Models S and X

Thu, 14 Jan 2021 14:57:27 GMT

Enlarge / 158,000 Teslas will brick their infotainment screens within 3-4 years due to a design defect. (credit: Getty Images/Jonathan Gitlin)

In November, we learned that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration had opened an engineering analysis into a potential defect with Tesla's popular Models S and X battery electric vehicles. On Wednesday, the other shoe dropped, when NHTSA informed the American automaker that it has to recall 158,000 vehicles to fix defective touchscreens.

The problem concerns a component in the vehicles' infotainment systems, called the Media Control Unit. Buried within the MCU is an 8GB eMMC NAND flash memory chip, which can only be written to a finite number of times. Once this number of read/write cycles is reached—something that takes between three and four years depending on how much the car is driven—the touchscreen dies. And unfortunately, that's a real problem in a car where the touchscreen is the way almost all the controls are accessed.

Not being able to browse the Internet in your car or stream a podcast is obviously an inconvenience, especially in an high-end vehicle. But NHTSA is more concerned about the fact that if the touchscreen dies, functions like the backup camera and window defogging are lost, too, as are audible alerts for other onboard safety systems.

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The Acura TLX Advance hits the luxury notes, misses the sporting ones

Wed, 13 Jan 2021 20:40:50 GMT

The 2021 Acura TLX Advance is an all-new model. It's unique to North America and is not just a rebadged Honda. [credit: Acura ]

The SUV may be ascendant these days, but some carmakers still have room in their hearts, or more accurately their product portfolios, for the four-door sedan. Among them is Acura, the high-end arm of Honda in North America, which recently debuted its second-generation TLX. But don't assume this is a case of badge engineering; the second-gen TLX is unique to Acura—you won't find it wearing a Honda logo in Japan or Europe.

Acura is mostly known as a luxury brand, competing for customers with Lexus and Infiniti, but the company's roots are actually much more sporty than plush. Acura wants to reconnect with that heritage as a way of differentiating itself from those rivals, and to that end, it says the new $40,000 2021 TLX is the most performance-focused sedan it has ever made. It starts with a monocoque chassis that's 50 percent stiffer overall, with even higher rigidity at the parts where the suspension is attached. There are braces for the underbody, more rigid mounts for the front dampers, and a very stiff center tunnel. But at the same time, there's extensive use of aluminum, even in some of these high-stiffness areas, to cut weight over the old model.

Further to its sporting intentions, Acura opted for a double-wishbone arrangement for the front suspension, which it says has 85 percent more lateral stiffness than the MacPherson struts on the first-generation TLX. That means the tires' contact patches don't shrink too much under cornering.

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Tesla’s main self-driving rival isn’t Google—it’s Intel’s Mobileye

Wed, 13 Jan 2021 19:46:50 GMT

Enlarge / Mobileye CEO Amnon Shashua shows off a silicon photonics lidar chip slated for introduction in 2025. (credit: Mobileye)

One of the most underrated companies in the self-driving technology sector is Mobileye, an Israeli company that Intel purchased for $15 billion in 2017. Mobileye is the largest supplier of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) that ship with today's cars. In a Monday interview at the virtual CES conference, Mobileye explained its strategy to stay on top as the industry shifts to fully self-driving vehicles.

Mobileye's self-driving strategy has a number of things in common with that of Tesla, the world's most valuable automaker. Like Tesla, Mobileye is aiming to gradually evolve its current driver-assistance technology into a fully self-driving system. So far, neither company has shipped products with the expensive lidar sensors used in many self-driving prototypes.

And like Tesla, Mobileye has access to a wealth of real-world driving data from its customers' cars. Tesla harvests data directly from Tesla customers. Mobileye has data-sharing agreements with six car companies—including Volkswagen, BMW, and Nissan—that ship Mobileye's cameras, chips, and software.

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Remember Sony’s electric car from CES? Now it’s being road-tested

Tue, 12 Jan 2021 19:40:40 GMT

Remember the Sony Vision-S from CES in 2020? It's back for 2021, and there's more than one. [credit: Sony ]

Perhaps the highlight of last year's CES was Sony's surprise battery electric concept car, the Vision-S. At the time, we thought that the Vision-S—which looked like a cross between a Porsche Taycan and a Lucid Air—was mostly meant to show off all the different enabling technologies it contained, from sensors to entertainment. Well, the Vision-S is back for this year's not-happening-in-Las-Vegas CES, and it seems the project might be a little more serious than we once thought.

As you'll see in the embedded video, Sony has been testing the Vision-S, both on a test track and public roads in Austria. Why Austria? That's where Magna Steyr is located, a contract car manufacturer that currently builds vehicles for other car companies, including the Mercedes-Benz G-Class, BMW 5 Series, Jaguar I-Pace, and Toyota Supra. And Magna Steyr is one of Sony's partners in the Vision-S, along with automotive tier 1 suppliers Bosch, Continental, and ZF, software company Elektrobit Automotive, mapping company HERE, as well as Nvidia, Blackberry (maker of QNX), and Qualcomm.

Over the past year, the Vision-S' sensor count has grown from 33 to 40, with Sony experimenting to see how it can improve the car's 360-degree safety system. The company has also been working on the interior to make it a more relaxing place to be, according to Izumi Kawanishi, senior VP for Sony's AI robotics business group.

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The automotive industry has got SPAC madness, and it may not end well

Tue, 12 Jan 2021 16:34:52 GMT

Enlarge / Fisker now has a market cap of $4.1 billion thanks to a SPAC reverse merger in 2020. It says that the Ocean SUV will be the most sustainable vehicle ever sold. (credit: Fisker)

With technology disrupting the automotive industry, investors have raced to secure exposure to potential winners—whether battery makers, manufacturers of other forms of power storage or developers of the “lidar” sensors that some believe are key to the development of self-driving cars.

Yet, according to a Financial Times analysis, the nine auto tech groups that listed via a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC) last year expected revenues of just $139 million between them for 2020. They include QuantumScape, a battery company backed by Bill Gates and Volkswagen; the hydrogen truck start-up Nikola; and the lidar company Luminar Technologies.

While the past 12 months proved a hot market for tech groups doing conventional IPOs, bankers and lawyers say that the SPAC process gives companies—and the vehicles acquiring them—far greater latitude in disclosing future financial projections. The nine auto tech companies, for example, together predict their revenues will reach $26 billion by 2024.

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FedEx will be the first customer for GM’s new electric delivery van

Tue, 12 Jan 2021 16:32:37 GMT

FedEx Express is slated to be the first customer of the BrightDrop EV600 and will begin receiving its vehicles later this year. [credit: General Motors ]

On Tuesday morning, General Motors Chairwoman and CEO Mary Barra announced a new business for the company during her keynote speech at this year's all-virtual CES. It's called BrightDrop, and the goal is to provide a range of electrified products for the logistics and delivery industries.

"We are building on our significant expertise in electrification, mobility applications, telematics and fleet management, with a new one-stop-shop solution for commercial customers to move goods in a better, more sustainable way," Barra said.

BrightDrop's first product is called the EP1, and it's a pallet with an electric propulsion assist meant to transport things short distances, such as from a delivery van to the customer's door, at speeds of up to 3mph (5km/h). The EP1 can carry up to 200lbs (91kg) and about 23 cubic feet (651L) of cargo, with adjustable shelves and lockable cabinet doors. GM says the EP1 will be available early this year.

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BMW made this really weird short film to celebrate 20 years of iDrive

Tue, 12 Jan 2021 15:27:20 GMT

In 2001, BMW put a digital display in the dash of its newest 7 Series, heralding the advent of the iDrive infotainment system. [credit: BMW ]

With the coronavirus pandemic causing CES to be held virtually this year, some exhibitors have been looking for different ways to capture our attention. Take BMW for example. In CESes of yore, the German automaker often had a large presence, showing off concepts and even providing a fleet of cars for five-minute test drives. Obviously that won't work in 2021, which is a shame for BMW because this year marks the 20th anniversary of its very first iDrive infotainment system, which debuted in the 2001 7 Series.

So instead, the automaker made this short film to mark the occasion. Warning: it's pretty weird, but at the same time I think it's kind of charming, featuring an old graybeard 7 Series meeting a young whippersnapper iX SUV one night at the BMW museum.

Teaser "The new BMW iDrive" @CES Digital 2021

Back in 2001 the 7 Series was BMW's flagship sedan, loaded to the gunnels with the latest and greatest technology the Bavarians could muster. In previous generations that meant powered reclining rear seats and maybe a car phone. But that year the new 7 Series arrived with something called iDrive, combining the car's entertainment equipment with navigation and a way to interact with the car's settings. A pair of screens—one in the main instrument display, one in the center stack—displayed information, and to interact with it all, a rotary controller on the center console. In short, it was one of the first true infotainment systems.

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This tech replaces a car’s instrument panel with a holographic display

Mon, 11 Jan 2021 18:41:06 GMT

Enlarge / A screengrab from TI's video demoing the IP HOE display. (credit: Texas Instruments)

The topic of driver distraction is one we've covered a lot here at Ars. Whether due to the proliferation of smartphones, touchscreen infotainment systems that are now fitted to most new cars, or people simply not paying attention, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that 400,000 people were injured and 2,841 killed as a result of distracted drivers in 2018.

Researchers are split as to whether the real problem is cognitive overload or drivers simply not having their eyes on the road ahead, with some automakers and technology companies trying to tackle the second issue through the use of gaze-tracking driver monitoring systems. But a new technology demoed by Texas Instruments at this year's (virtual) CES might mean there's much less reason for drivers to take their eyes off the road ahead.

Specifically, the tech uses a small projector embedded in the car's dashboard and a layer of holographic film laminated within the sandwich of glass that makes up a windshield to project an in-plane hologram of the car's instrument cluster and navigation directly into the driver's line of sight.

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US vehicle fuel efficiency effectively stalled over the last 10 years

Mon, 11 Jan 2021 15:59:16 GMT

Enlarge / The average car or light truck on US roads is 11.8 years old. (credit: Harvey Schwartz | Getty Images)

The last few years have seen a rather bitter fight over vehicle pollution between the federal government and California, with automakers taking sides. In August 2012, during the Obama administration, the US Environmental Protection Agency announced new standards aiming to reach a target of 54.4mpg (4.3l/100km). But with the change of administration at the beginning of 2017 came a change in those priorities.

At the time, I described the new target as "pathetic." But here's the truly scary thing—as unambitious as it was, it would still represent a 50 percent increase in efficiency compared to the existing US light vehicle fleet. According to a new analysis at Green Car Congress, if you analyze the average miles driven per gallon of fuel each year, the US has made almost no progress between 2008 and 2019.

The Environmental Protection Agency versus California

Shortly after the beginning of the Trump administration, the EPA gave notice that it was less interested in cleaning up vehicle emissions. Additionally, the EPA called out California, which has a waiver that gives its California Air Resources Board the power to regulate air pollution from vehicles within the state's borders. (Colorado, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington also participate in the so-called Zero Emissions Vehicle program, taking their lead from CARB.)

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Apple allegedly working with Hyundai on electric car for 2027

Fri, 08 Jan 2021 15:15:47 GMT

Enlarge (credit: Aurich Lawson / Getty Images)

Apple's automotive plan includes a collaboration with Hyundai, according to a report published on Friday by the Korea Economic Daily. It says that Apple and Hyundai are working on battery technology that will differ from the kind used in the automaker's new battery electric vehicle platform, which goes into production later this year. The report also claims that the Apple car will arrive in 2027 but offers no more detail about the collaboration or any possible vehicles or technologies that could emerge as a result.

Will they-won't they rumors about an Apple car have been circulating since Apple created an internal group called Project Titan in 2014. Since Apple is notoriously tight-lipped, few details exist about the project other than reports of staff being fired and plans being scaled back. But by late 2019 it's believed that 1,200 Apple staff were working on Project Titan, and in December 2020 Reuters reported that an Apple car could hit the street by 2025.

Meanwhile, Hyundai Motor Group has fast emerged as one of the leaders of the pack for BEV engineering and is about to debut a new platform called E-GMP that will underpin 23 different new models between now and 2025. Hyundai has opted for an 800V electrical architecture for E-GMP which will allow it to charge to 80 percent within 18 minutes. Hyundai is also working with the startup Canoo on BEVs.

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Elon Musk is the world’s richest person

Thu, 07 Jan 2021 22:59:44 GMT

Enlarge / Wealth. (credit: Aurich Lawson vs. Disney)

Elon Musk has become the world's richest man, surpassing previous record-holder Jeff Bezos, according to CNBC. Musk is now worth more than $180 billion.

Musk's rising wealth reflects the meteoric rise of Tesla's stock. The company's share price closed at $816 on Thursday, up almost 8 percent for the day. That share price values Tesla at almost $800 billion—several times more than any other car company.

CNBC says that Musk's rise to become the richest man in the world is the fastest in history. At the start of 2020, just over a year ago, Musk was worth only $27 billion. At the time, Tesla stock traded for less than $100 (adjusting for a 2020 stock split).

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Four-point-whoa: The 2021 Porsche 718 Boxster GTS

Thu, 07 Jan 2021 19:00:07 GMT

The weather wasn't great during my days with the new 2021 Porsche 718 Boxster GTS, so you'll only be seeing Porsche's photos here. [credit: Porsche ]

Accidentally scheduling two different appointments for the same time slot is probably something all of us have done at least once or twice. In my case, that meant mistakenly booking a pair of test cars for the same week late last year. And they couldn't have been more different cars. I've already written about the Toyota Venza—it's an attractive and efficient hybrid crossover that charmed me far more than I expected after I drove from DC to upstate New York and back. I was already expecting good things from that week's other car—a 2021 Porsche 718 Boxster GTS—yet it, too, exceeded them.

The 718 Boxster is the entry point into the Porsche sports car range, but there's nothing entry-level about the $88,900 GTS. It sits almost at the top of the tree, between the cheaper, more everyday 718 Boxster S and the more expensive 718 Spyder, a car with which it shares an engine, which in this case is a 4.0L flat-six, an engine that makes Porsche nerds get a little weak at the knees.

Most of Porsche's power units have turned to turbocharging in the past few years—including the lesser variants of the 718—but not this four-liter lump, which remains resolutely naturally aspirated. Installed in the GTS, it makes 394hp (294kW), 20hp less than in the stripped-out Spyder. (Both GTS and Spyder make an identical 309lb-ft/420Nm). Although the engine isn't quite as rev-happy in the GTS as in the Spyder, it's not far off—the torque peak is between 5,000 to 6,500rpm, and peak power arrives at 7,000rpm, with a 7,800rpm redline to call time on things.

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This P2P car-sharing company has a plan to boost Black entrepreneurship

Tue, 05 Jan 2021 21:56:15 GMT

Enlarge (credit: Getty Images)

Although it had to share headlines with a deadly pandemic and hotly contested presidential campaign, America’s ongoing struggle against racism was also a major story in 2020. And that includes over at the peer-to-peer car-sharing company Turo. "To be honest with you, we've had some really incredibly vocal and charismatic Black leaders within Turo who shared with us some really insightful data about the lack of access to capital, the average black American, and how that community, generally speaking, is really at a disadvantage in terms of accessing capital compared to any other community in the US," explained Turo CEO Andre Haddad.

Which is why Turo created a pilot program called the Seed Initiative. The company has teamed up with microloan provider Kiva to provide interest-free loans of up to $15,000 to fund Black entrepreneurs in 14 US cities so that they can use the platform to start car rental businesses. Successful applicants can crowdfund up to $7,500 on Kiva, which Turo will match dollar for dollar.

"I've always been enamored by the impact that our platform has on anyone who becomes a host [the term for someone who loans out vehicles on Turo]—the fact that they can start turning the car away from just being a depreciating cost center into an asset that generates cash and helps pay for itself," Haddad said. "But in order to be able to participate and create that economic value, you have first to have a car. And unfortunately, there are lots of people who just can't afford to even buy a car, and therefore can't even access the marketplace," he told me recently by phone.

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Waymo CEO: Building safe driverless cars is harder than rocket science

Tue, 05 Jan 2021 20:17:36 GMT

Enlarge (credit: Waymo)

Last year was the most significant yet in Waymo’s 11-year effort to develop a driverless car.

The Google sister company raised $3.2 billion, signed deals with several partners, and launched the world’s first truly driverless taxi service in Phoenix, Arizona.

Even so, the widespread rollout of fully autonomous vehicles remains slow, staggered, and costly.

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