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Machine learning, at its core, is about generalization, not memorization. You hand your learning algorithm a pile of training examples and use them to fit a model. But the goal is not to perform well on the training examples — that's easy, you could just memorize the answers. The goal is to perform well on new examples that you have never before seen. If a model does well on the...

Many open-source and industry software projects, including several here at Amazon, are embracing the Rust programming language, since it provides performance and flexibility similar to that of the C programming language, while its clever type system automatically prevents a variety of bugs and security vulnerabilities. The result is fast code that's more correct and secure than ...

Imagine evaluating a retrieval-augmented-generation system. A user asks a question, the system retrieves a text passage, and an LLM judge decides whether it’s relevant. To reduce noise, you ask several judge models to evaluate the same passage. Eight say “relevant”; two say “not relevant”. Eight out of 10 feels convincing. But the important question is not only how many judges a...

A standard operating procedure, or SOP, is the written set of steps an organization follows to correctly complete an important piece of routine work the same way every time. Almost every industry runs on SOPs. A hospital uses one to register a new patient, a logistics team uses one to decide whether a shipment qualifies as hazardous, a bank uses one to verify a new business cust...