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Every time a live broadcast cuts cleanly to a commercial and returns without a stutter, something invisible made that switch possible. That something is usually SCTE-35 — the signaling standard that tells downstream systems exactly where an ad break, a program boundary, or a blackout begins and ends. If you run a streaming platform, a

MPEG-TS vs fMP4 is one of the most important decisions when packaging HLS. At some point, you hit a fork in the road: should your segments be MPEG-TS (.ts) files or fragmented MP4 (.m4s) files? For years there was no choice—HLS meant MPEG-TS, full stop. Today, fMP4 is not only supported but increasingly the default, and the format you pick affects storage, CDN efficiency, de...

Video gets all the attention in streaming, but audio is half the experience — and viewers are less forgiving of bad audio than bad video. A stream can drop a rung of video quality and most people shrug; let the audio crackle, desync, or muffle and they leave. Behind every clean-sounding stream is an audio codec quietly doing the compression work, and choosing the right one s...

Understanding unicast vs multicast vs broadcast starts with how video reaches a screen. When a video reaches a screen, it has traveled across a network in one of three fundamental ways: sent to exactly one recipient, to a selected group, or to everyone at once. Those three models—unicast vs multicast vs broadcast—form the foundation of how all streaming works, and the choice...

A streaming URL feels private until you look at the page source. Without protection, the segments behind an HLS stream can be pulled down and replayed by anyone who finds their address — which is a problem the moment your content has any value. HLS encryption is the first and most widely supported line of defense against that, and it is simpler to reason about than full DRM ...